Japan: Sanctions Notice

What is screened, and how often

The firm screens clients, beneficial owners, signatories, counterparties, borrowers, guarantors, vendors, portfolio companies and the people who direct them. Screening runs before a relationship opens, again whenever a list that binds the Japan entity changes, and across the whole client population every night. Designation changes load into the screening system within 24 hours of publication. Every outbound payment is screened before release, with no threshold below which a payment passes unchecked. Trade finance adds the vessel, its flag, its registered owner and the ports of loading and discharge, and a vessel that changes flag mid-tenor is screened again.

Which measures bind the local entity

Three sets of measures bind an entity: those made in its own jurisdiction, those it adopts from international designations, and those of the currency in which it settles, which across most of the network means the United States dollar.

Japan gives effect to international designations through its foreign exchange law, under which the finance ministry publishes designated persons and requires a permit for any payment to or from them, and through asset-freezing legislation for domestic enforcement. IGUAKO Capital Japan K.K. screens every counterparty, licensor and trading house against the ministry's list, the group consolidated list and the lists of the dollar jurisdiction, and it screens the export destinations of the pharmaceutical and specialty-materials products its counterparties sell, because Japanese process chemistry is subject to export control as well as to sanctions. A confirmed match is frozen and reported to the ministry and the regulator within the period the law sets, and Singapore is informed the same day. Licensing transactions are screened for end-users before term sheets are exchanged.

The consolidated group list maintained by the Group Financial Crime function is screened in addition to the local lists everywhere, so a name blocked anywhere in the network is blocked in Tokyo as well.

What happens when a name matches

A possible match stops a transaction rather than delaying it. A sanctions officer reviews the alert against identifiers and not against spelling alone. A match confirmed as true is frozen within four hours and reported at once to three named executives. A payment caught by a freeze is not returned to the sender. The freeze is reported by IGUAKO Capital Japan K.K. to the competent authority within the period the local law sets, and Japan freezes join the frozen asset register, which is reconciled monthly against custody statements. Nothing leaves that register without a written release from compliance.

Ownership, licences and testing

A person who is not listed can still be caught by the rules on ownership and control, so the firm aggregates the holdings of listed persons across a structure before deciding whether a counterparty is in scope. Where a licence permits an otherwise prohibited dealing, its conditions are built into the payment system itself, so a payment outside them cannot be released by someone who has read the licence and formed a view. Twice a year the screening thresholds are tested by seeding 200 known names into the population and counting how many the system returns, and the Asia-Pacific desks sit inside that test on the same schedule as every other office.

The firm accepts that this standard costs it business. A counterparty that cannot be screened is not taken on. A structure whose ownership cannot be resolved to natural persons is refused, whatever the return on offer and whoever made the introduction.